This document lists and provides the description
of the name (keywords) of structural optimization input
variables to be used in the main input file of the abinit code.
The new user is advised to read first the new user's guide, before
reading the present file. It will be easier to discover the present
file with the help of the tutorial.
When the user is sufficiently familiarized with ABINIT, the reading of
the ~abinit/doc/users/tuning file might be useful. For
response-function calculations using abinit, please read the response function help file
Relevant only when imgmov=9 or 13.
Controls whether adiabatic Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics is performed or not.
The corresponding adiabaticity parameter is given by adpimd_gamma.
If equal to 0, no adiabatic Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics (standard PIMD) is performed.
If equal to 1, adiabatic Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics is activated.
Only relevant with pitransform=1 (normal mode transformation). In that case,
- the mass associated with to the zero-frequency mode is the true mass amu,
- the mass associated to the other higher frequency modes of the polymer chains is equal to the normal mode mass divided by
adpimd_gamma (adiabaticity parameter),
- the equation of motion on the zero-frequency mode is not thermostated.
NOT YET USABLE
Relevant only when imgmov=9 or 13.
Adiabaticity parameter to be used in adiabatic Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics.
Relevant only if adpimd=1.
NOT YET USABLE
Gives the masses in atomic mass units for each kind of atom in cell. These masses are used in performing molecular dynamical atomic motion if ionmov=1, 6, 7 or 8. They are also used in phonon calculations, in the diagonalization of the dynamical matrix. Note that one may set all masses to 1 for certain cases in which merely structural relaxation is desired and not actual molecular dynamics.
Using 1986 recommended values, 1 atomic mass unit = 1.6605402e-27 kg. In this unit the mass of Carbon 12 is exactly 12.
A database of atomic masses is provided, giving default values. Note that the default database uses mixed isotope masses (for Carbon the natural occurence of Carbon 13 is taken into account). The values are those recommended by the commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Inorganic Chemistry Division, IUPAC, in Pure Appl. Chem. 60, 841 (1988). For Tc, Pm, Po to Ac, Pa and beyond U, none of the isotopes has a half-life greater than 3.0d10 years, and the values provided in the database do not come from that source.
For alchemical pseudoatoms, the masses of the constituents atoms are mixed, according to the alchemical miwing coefficients mixalch
In most cases, the use of amu will be as a static (non-evolving) variable. However, the possibility to have different values of amu for different images has been coded. A population of cells with different atomic characteristics can thus be considered, and can be made to evolve, e.g. with a genetic algorithm (not coded in v7.0.0 though).
bmass is the mass of the barostat when ionmov=13 (constant pressure)
Relevant only when imgmov=5 (Nudged Elastic Band) and
neb_algo=2 (CI-NEB).
Gives the index of the first CI-NEB iteration..
The CI-NEB method constitutes a small modification to the NEB method allowing a rigorous
convergence to the saddle point. As the image with the highest energy has to be identified,
the calculation begins with several iterations of the standard NEB algorithm.
The effective CI-NEB begins at the cineb_start iteration.
See: J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9901 (2000).
Delay (number of time steps) between trials to permute two atoms, in view of accelerated search of minima. Still in development. See the routine moldyn.F90. See also signperm. When delayperm is zero, there is not permutation trials.
Gives the maximum number of "time" steps for which the forces and stresses are stored, and taken into account in the DIIS algorithm (ionmov=20) to find zero-force and stress configurations.
Gives the maximal permitted scaling of
the lattice parameters when the cell shape and
dimension is varied (see variable optcell).
It is used to define the sphere of plane waves
and FFT box coherent with the possible modifications
of the cell (ionmov==2 and optcell/=0).
For these definitions, it is equivalent
to changing ecut by multiplying it by dilatmx2
(the result is an "effective ecut", called internally "ecut_eff",
other uses of ecut being not modified
when dilatmx>1.0 .
Using dilatmx<1.0 is equivalent to changing ecut
in all its uses. This is allowed, although its meaning
is no longer related to a maximal expected scaling.
Setting dilatmx to a large value leads to waste
of CPU time and memory. Supposing you think that the
optimized acell values might be 10%
larger than your
input values, use simply dilatmx 1.1 . This will already
lead to an increase of the number of planewaves by a factor
(1.1)3=1.331 , and a corresponding increase in CPU time
and memory.
It is possible to use dilatmx when optcell=0, but
a value larger than 1.0 will be a waste.
Used for controlling ion time steps.
If ionmov is set to 1, 6 or 7, then
molecular dynamics is
used to update atomic positions in response to
forces. The parameter dtion is a time step in
atomic units of time. (One atomic time unit is
2.418884e-17 seconds, which is the value of
Planck's constant in hartree*sec.)
In this case the atomic masses, in amu (given in array "amu"),
are used in Newton's equation and the viscosity (for ionmov=1)
and number of time steps are provided to the code using input
variables "vis" and "ntime".
The code actually converts
from masses in amu to masses in atomic units (in units
of electron masses) but the user enters masses in amu.
(The conversion from amu to atomic units (electron
masses) is 1822.88851 electron masses/amu.)
A typical good value for dtion is about 100.
The user must try several values
for dtion in order to establish the stable and efficient
choice for the accompanying amu, atom types and positions,
and vis (viscosity).
For quenched dynamics (ionmov=7), a
larger time step might
be taken, for example 200.
No meaning for RF calculations.
This input variable is relevant when sets of images are activated (see
imgmov). Not all images might be required to evolve from one time step to the other.
Indeed, in the String Method or the Nudged Elastic Band, one might impose that the extremal configurations of the string are fixed.
In case the dynimage(iimage)=0, the image with index "iimage" will be consider as fixed.
Thus, there is no need to compute forces and stresses for this image at each time step. The purpose of
nevertheless defining extremal images is to make the input/output easier.
In order to save CPU time, the computation of properties of static images (dynimage(iimage)=0)
can be avoided: see istatimg keyword.
This input variable is important when performing relaxation of unit cell size and shape (non-zero optcell). Using a non-zero ecutsm, the total energy curves as a function of ecut, or acell, can be smoothed, keeping consistency with the stress (and automatically including the Pulay stress). The recommended value is 0.5 Ha. Actually, when optcell/=0, ABINIT requires ecutsm to be larger than zero. If you want to optimize cell shape and size without smoothing the total energy curve (a dangerous thing to do), use a very small ecutsm, on the order of one microHartree.
Technical information :
See Bernasconi et al, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 56, 501 (1995)
for a related method.
ecutsm allows to define an effective kinetic energy for plane
waves, close to, but
lower than the
maximal kinetic energy ecut. For
kinetic
energies less than ecut-ecutsm,
nothing is modified,
while between ecut-ecutsm and ecut,
the kinetic energy is multiplied by:
1.0 / ( x2 (3+x-6x2+3x3))
where x = (ecut - kinetic_energy)/ecutsm
Note that x2 ( 3+x-6x2+3x3) is 0 at
x=0, with vanishing derivative,
and that at x=1 , it is 1, with also vanishing derivative.
If ecutsm is zero, the unmodified kinetic energy is used.
ecutsm can be specified in Ha (the default), Ry, eV or Kelvin,
since
ecutsm has the
'ENERGY'
characteristics.
(1 Ha=27.2113845 eV).
A few test for Silicon (diamond structure, 2 k-points) have
shown 0.5 Ha to be largely enough for ecut
between 2Ha and 6Ha,
to get smooth curves. It is likely that this value is OK
as soon as ecut is larger than 4Ha.
Note that prior to v4.4 (in v4.3 and older versions), the smoothing
function was
1.0 / ( x2 ( 3-2*x) )
However, the second derivative was not continuous at the cut-off
energy. This
leads to problems for elastic constant calculations using response
functions.
Gives the internal friction coefficient (atomic units) for Langevin dynamics (when ionmov=9): fixed temperature simulations with random forces.
The equation of motion is :
MI d2RI/dt2= FI
- friction MI dRI/dt - F_randomI
where F_randomI is a Gaussian random force with average
zero,
and variance 2 friction MI kT.
The atomic unit of friction is
hartrees*electronic mass*(atomic time units)/Bohr2. See J.
Chelikowsky, J. Phys. D : Appl Phys. 33(2000)R33.
The forces multiplied
by fxcartfactor will be treated like difference in cartesian coordinates in the
process of optimization. This is a simple preconditioner.
TO BE UPDATED See (ionmov=2,
non-zero
optcell).
For example, the stopping criterion defined by
tolmxf relates to these scaled
stresses.
Choosing method to make the structure selection. Only the enthalpy is used now but we plan to include, energy, electronic band gap and alchemical potentials. Right now only value of 1 (enthalpy) works.
Different methodologies to perform the roulette-wheel selection of parents. Even though, the
objective function is the crystalline enthalpy (H_i), the weight of the population elements to be chosen from
in a roulette-wheel selection can be given through different functions. We consider the following cases.
1. F = H_i / Sum H_i
2. F = exp(-(H_i-H_min)) / Sum exp(-(H_i-H_min))
3. F = (1/n_i) / Sum (1/n_i). Where n_i is the position in the ordered list of enthalpies
Different genetic rules have been implemented and the user has the change to choose between any of them. Right now we have 4 rules. See ga_rules
Different genetic rules have been implemented and the user has the change to choose between any of them.
The chosen number of rules have been defined in ga_n_rules
Implemented rules are
1) crossover. Two parents are randomly chosen and two springs are mixed from the two by (a) chosing randomly (through
Fitness function) two parents and then randomly rotating and shifting the coordinates withing that particular cell.
(b) Slice every one of the unit cell of the parents along a random direction and creating the spring offs from the
pieces of the two parents.
2) Vector flip mutation. From the coordinates from a given parent, a piece of it is inverted.
3) random strain. A random anisotropic deformation is given to the unit cell.
4) Coordinates mutation of 1/4 of the whole coordinates.
Percentage of the population that according to the fitness function passes to the following iteration.
This variable is typically used to chain the
calculations,
in the multi-dataset mode (ndtset>0),
since it describes from which dataset acell
and
rprim are to be taken, as input of the
present
dataset. The cell parameters are EVOLVING variables,
for which such a chain of calculations is useful.
If ==0, no use of previously computed values must occur.
If it is positive, its value gives the index of the dataset
from which the data are to be used as input data.
It must be the index of a dataset already computed in the
SAME run.
If equal to -1, the output data of the previous dataset
must be taken, which is a frequently occuring case.
However, if the first dataset is treated, -1 is equivalent
to 0, since no dataset has yet been computed in the same run.
If another negative number, it indicates the number
of datasets to go backward to find the needed data
(once again, going back beyond the first dataset is equivalent
to using a null get variable).
getxred
Mnemonics: GET XRED from ...
getvel
These variables are typically used to chain the
calculations,
in the multi-dataset mode (ndtset>0)
since they describe from which dataset the corresponding
output variables are to be taken, as input of the present
dataset. The atomic positions and velocities are EVOLVING variables,
for which such a chain of calculation is useful.
Mnemonics: GET VEL from ...
Characteristic:
Variable type: integer parameters, instances of 'get' variables
Default is 0.
Note that the use of getxcart and getxred differs when
acell and rprim
are different from one dataset
to the other.
If ==0, no use of previously computed values must occur.
If it is positive, its value gives the index of the dataset
from which the data are to be used as input data.
It must be the index of a dataset already computed in the
SAME run.
If equal to -1, the output data of the previous dataset
must be taken, which is a frequently occuring case.
However, if the first dataset is treated, -1 is equivalent
to 0, since no dataset has yet been computed in the same run.
If another negative number, it indicates the number
of datasets to go backward to find the needed data
(once again, going back beyond the first dataset is equivalent
to using a null get variable).
Note : getxred and getxcart cannot be simultaneously
non-zero for the same dataset. On the other hand the use of
getvel with getxred is allowed, despite the different
coordinate system.
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Set the kind of preconditioner to be used for Geometry Optimization
(Note : Under development now (2011.05.20))
Set the paramenters use by the preconditioner to be
used for Geometry Optimization
(Note : Under development now (2011.06.06))
Gives the indices of the atoms appearing in each of the
nconeq
independent equations constraining the motion of
atoms during structural optimization or molecular dynamics (see nconeq, natcon,
and wtatcon).
(Note : combined with wtatcon to give internal representation of the
latter - this should be described)
iatfixx
Mnemonics: Indices of AToms that are FIXed along the X direction
iatfixy
Mnemonics: Indices of AToms that are FIXed along the Y direction
iatfixz
Give the index (in the range 1 to natom)
of each atom which is to
be held fixed for structural optimization or molecular dynamics.
The variable iatfix lists those fixed in the three directions,
while the other variables allow to fix some atoms along
x, y or z directions, or a combination of these.
WARNING : The implementation is inconsistent !! For ionmov==1, the fixing of directions
was done in cartesian coordinates, while for the other values
of ionmov, it was done in reduced
coordinates. Sorry for this.
There is no harm in fixing one atom in the three
directions
using iatfix, then fixing it again in other directions
by mentioning it in iatfixx, iatfixy or iatfixz.
Mnemonics: Indices of AToms that are FIXed along the Z direction
Characteristic: iatfixx,iatfixy and iatfixz are NOT INTERNAL
Variable type: integer arrays of length natfix, natfixx, natfixy or natfixz
Default is No Default (ignored unless natfix,natfixx, natfixy or natfixz > 0).
The internal representation of these input data is done
by the mean of one variable iatfix(3,natom),
defined
for each direction and each atom, being 0 if the atom is
not fixed along the direction, and 1 if the atom is fixed
along the direction.
When some atoms are fixed along 1 or 2 directions, the
use of symmetries is restricted to symmetry operations
whose (3x3) matrices symrel are
diagonal.
If the geometry builder is used, iatfix will be related
to the preprocessed set of atoms, generated by the
geometry builder. The user must thus foresee the effect
of this geometry builder (see objarf).
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Control the collective changes of images (see nimage,
npimage, dynimage,
ntimimage, tolimg,
istatimg, prtvolimg).
Similar to ionmov
in spirit, although here, a population of self-consistent calculations for different geometries is managed,
while with ionmov,
only one geometry for self-consistent calculation is managed.
In this respect the maximal number of time step for image propagation is
ntimimage, corresponding to the input variable ntime of the single
geometry case.
Also, the stopping criterion is governed by
tolimg, corresponding to the input variable toldfe of the single
geometry case. The stopping condition is crude: the image propagation is stopped
when the mean value (over dynamic images) of the absolute difference of total energy
(previous and current time step) is less than tolimg.
Actually, there might be combinations of ionmov and imgmov in which the two mechanisms are at work. Usually, however, only one mechanim will be activated (so, usually, either ntimimage is bigger than one OR ntime is bigger than one). In order for the user to acquire a mental representation of the interplay between ionmov and imgmov, here is a F90 pseudo-code presenting the interplay between the different above-mentioned input variables, as well as with the parallelism (see input variable npimage).
do itimimage=1,ntimimage do iimage=1,nimage (possibly, parallelisation over images) do itime=1,ntime Compute the forces and stresses for image(iimage) Examine whether the stopping criteron defined by tolmxf is fulfilled Predict the next geometry for image(iimage) using ionmov enddo enddo Examine whether the stopping criteron defined by tolimg is fulfilled Predict the next geometries for all images using imgmov enddo
Control the displacements of ions, and eventually (see optcell) changes of cell shape and size.
This input variable is relevant when sets of images are activated (see
imgmov).
Not all images might be required to evolve from one time step to the other
(seedynimage): these are static images.
If istatimg=0, the total energy of static images is not computed (but static images are
used to make the dynamic images evolve). This can be useful to save CPU time.
If istatimg=1, the total energy of static images is computed.
Give the initial and final temperature of the Nose-Hoover thermostat (ionmov=8) and Langevin dynamics (ionmov=9), in Kelvin. This temperature will change linearly from the initial temperature mdtemp(1) at itime=1 to the final temperature mdtemp(2) at the end of the ntime timesteps.
Gives the location (atomic units) of walls
on which the atoms will bounce back.
when ionmov=6, 7, 8 or 9. For each
cartesian direction idir=1, 2 or 3, there is a pair of walls with
coordinates xcart(idir)=-wall and xcart(idir)=rprimd(idir,idir)+wall .
Supposing the particle will cross the wall, its velocity normal to the
wall is reversed, so that it bounces back.
By default, given in Bohr atomic units
(1 Bohr=0.5291772108 Angstroms), although Angstrom can be specified,
if preferred, since mdwall has the
'LENGTH'
characteristics.
Relevant only when imgmov=1 (Steepest-Descent), 2 (String Method) or 5 (Nudged Elastic Band).
The optimizer used to solve the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) can be constrained with a maximum allowed step size for each image. By default this feature is only activated for Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) and the value is inspired by J. Chem. Phys. 128, 134106 (2008).
Note that the step size is defined for each image as
step = SQRT[SUM(R_i dot R_i)] where the R_i are the positions of
the atoms in the cell.
Relevant only when imgmov=2 (String Method) or 5 (Nudged Elastic Band).
Gives the algorithm used to solve the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) when searching for
a Minimal Energy Path (MEP).
Possible values can be:
Gives the number of atoms appearing in each of the nconeq independent equations constraining the motion of atoms during structural optimization or molecular dynamics (see nconeq, iatcon, and wtatcon).
natfixx
Mnemonics: Number of Atoms that are FIXed along the X direction
natfixy
Mnemonics: Number of Atoms that are FIXed along the Y direction
natfixz
Gives the number of atoms (not to exceed
natom) which are to be held fixed
during a structural
optimization or molecular dynamics.
Mnemonics: Number of Atoms that are FIXed along the Z direction
Characteristic: NOT INTERNAL
Variable type: integer parameter
Default is 0 (no atoms held fixed).
When natfix > 0,
natfix entries should be provided in array iatfix.
When natfixx > 0, natfixx entries should be provided
in array iatfixx, and so on ...
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Gives the number of independent equations constraining the motion of atoms during structural optimization or molecular dynamics (see natcon, iatcon, and wtatcon).
Relevant only when imgmov=5 (Nudged Elastic Band).
Gives the variant of the NEB method used.
Possible values can be:
Relevant only when imgmov=5 (Nudged Elastic Band).
Gives the minimal and maximal values of the spring constant connecting images for the NEB method.
In the standard "Nudged Elastic Band" method, the spring constant is constant along the path,
but, in order to have higher resolution close to the saddle point, it can be better
to have stronger springs close to it.
Units: Hartree/Bohr^2.
See: J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9901 (2000).
Give the number of images (or replicas) of the system,
for which the forces and stresses might be computed independantly,
in the context of the string method, the genetic algorithm, hyperdynamics or Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics
depending on the value of imgmov).
Related input variables : dynimage,
npimage, ntimimage
and prtvolimg.
Images might differ by the position of atoms in the unit cell, their
velocity, as well as by their cell geometry. The following input variables might be used to define
the images :
Gives the number of thermostats in the Martyna et al. chain of oscillators thermostats. The thermostat chains can be used either to perform Molecular Dynamics (MD) (ionmov=13) or to perform Path Integral Molecular Dynamics (PIMD) (imgmov=13).
The mass of these thermostats is given by qmass.
Give the inertia factor WT of the
Nose-Hoover thermostat
(when ionmov=8), in atomic
units of weight*length2, that is (electron mass)*(Bohr)2.
The equations of motion are :
MI d2RI/dt2= FI
- dX/dt MI dRI/dt
and
WT d2X/dt2=
Sum(I) MI (dRI/dt)2
- 3NkBT
where I represent each nucleus, MI is the mass of each
nucleus
(see amu),
RI is the coordinate of each nucleus (see xcart),
dX/dt is a dynamical friction coefficient, and T is the temperature
of the thermostat (see mdtemp.
Gives the number of molecular dynamics time steps or
Broyden
structural optimization steps to be done if ionmovis non-zero.
Note that at the present
the option ionmov=1 is initialized
with four
Runge-Kutta steps which costs some overhead in the startup.
By contrast, the initialisation of
other ionmov values is only one
SCF call.
ntime is ignored if ionmov=0.
Gives the maximal number of molecular dynamics time steps or structural optimization steps to be done for the set of images, referred to as 'image-timesteps'. At each image-timestep, all the images are propagated simulaneously, each according to the algorithm determined by imgmov and the usual accompanying input variables, and then the next positions and velocities for each image are determined from the set of results obtained for all images.
Gives the number of types of atoms. E.g. for
a homopolar system (e.g. pure Si) ntypat is 1.
The code tries to read the same number pseudopotential files.
The first pseudopotential is assigned type number 1, and so
on ...
Allows to optimize the unit cell shape and dimensions, when ionmov=2 or 3. The configuration for which the stress almost vanishes is iteratively determined, by using the same algorithms as for the nuclei positions. Will eventually modify acell and/or rprim. The ionic positions are ALWAYS updated, according to the forces. A target stress tensor might be defined, see strtarget
Presently (v3.1), one cannot restart (restartxf)
a calculation with a non-zero optcell value from the
(x,f) history of another run with a different non-zero optcell
value. There
are still a few problems at that level.
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Only relevant if imgmov=9 or 13 (Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics).
Gives the fictitious masses (D. Marx and M. Parrinello, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 4077 (1996))
in atomic mass units for each kind of atom in cell. These masses are the inertial masses used
in performing Path Integral Molecular Dynamics (PIMD), they are different from the true masses (amu) used to define the quantum spring that relates the different beads in PIMD. They can be chosen arbitrarily, but an appropriate choice will lead the different variables to move on the same time scale in order to optimize the sampling efficiency of the PIMD trajectory.
If pitransform=1 (normal mode transformation), or pitransform=2 (staging transformation), pimass is automatically set to its optimal value.
Only relevant if imgmov=9 or 13 (Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics). Coordinate transformation used in the integration of the Path Integral Molecular Dynamics equations of motion. The transformation, with an appropriate choice of fictitious masses (pimass), is used to force the different modes to move on the same time scale, and thus optimize the efficiency of the statistical sampling in the corresponding statisctical ensemble. Available with a Langevin thermostat (imgmov=9) or with Nose-Hoover chains (imgmov=13). See M. Tuckerman et al, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 5579 (1996).
If equal to 0, no transformation is applied (primitive coordinates).
If equal to 1, normal mode transformation (in that case, nimage must be absolutely EVEN).
If equal to 2, staging transformation.
This is an array of the numbers associated to the index atoms that the user want to print in the output or log files, this is useful when you have a large number of atoms and you are only interested to follow especific atoms, the numbers associated should be consistent with the list in xcart or xred This input varible does not affect the contents of the "OUT.nc" or "HIST.nc", those are NetCDF files containing the information about all the atoms.
Control the restart of a molecular dynamics or structural
optimization job.
restartxf>0 (Deprecated):The code reads from the input wf file,
the previous history of atomic coordinates and corresponding forces, in order
to continue the work done by the job that produced this wf file.
If optcell/=0, the history of
acell and
rprim variables is also taken into account.
The code will take into consideration the whole history (if restartxf=1),
or discard the few first (x,f) pairs, and begin only at the
pair whose number corresponds to restartxf.
Works only for ionmov=2 (Broyden) and
when an input wavefunction file is specified, thanks to the
appropriate values of irdwfk or getwfk.
NOTES :
* The input wf file must have been produced by a run that exited cleanly.
It cannot be one of the temporary wf files that exist when a job crashed.
* One cannot restart a calculation with a non-zero optcell
value from the (x,f) history of another run with a different non-zero optcell value. Starting a non-zero optcell run from a zero
optcell run should work.
* Deprecated, the use of the new options (-1 and -2) is prefered.
restartxf=0 (Default): No restart procedure is enable
and will start a Molecular dynamics or structural optimization
from scratch.
restartxf=-1 (New): Use the HIST file to reconstruct the
a partial calculation. It will reconstruct the different configurations
using the forces and stress store in the HIST file, instead of calling
the SCF procedure.
Enable restartxf=-1 from the begining is harmless.
The only condition is to keep the input file the same in such a way
that the same predictor is used and it will predict the same structure
recorded in the HIST file.
This option will always compute extra ntime
iterations independent of the number of iterations recovered previously.
restartxf=-2 (New):Read the HIST file and select the atomic
positions and cell parameters with the lowest energy. Forget all the
history and start the calculation using those values. The original
atomic coordinates and cell parameters are irrelevant in that case.
NOTES:
* You can use restartxf=-1 or -2 for all predictiors that
make no use of random numbers.
* You can use restartxf=-1 or -2 to restart a calculation
that was not completed. The HIST file is written on each iteration. So
you always have something to recover from.
* You can take advantage of the appropriate values
of irdwfk or getwfk to get a good wave function
to continue your job.
In development. See the routine moldyn.F90. Decides the bias of permutation operations on atoms. See also delayperm.
+1 favors alternation of species
-1 favors segregation
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The stresses multiplied
by strfact will be treated like forces in the
process of optimization (ionmov=2,
non-zero
optcell).
For example, the stopping criterion defined by
tolmxf relates to these scaled
stresses.
Relevant only when imgmov=2 (String Method).
Gives the variant of the String Method method used.
Possible values can be:
This is a scaling factor to initialize the part of the Hessian related to the treatment of the stresses (optimisation of the unit cell). In case there is an instability, decrease the default value, e.g. set it to 0.1 .
The optimization of cell size and shape, as might be asked through optcell, will target the stress tensor defined by by strtarget, or part thereof (if restricted optimizations are asked, like fixed shape). Presently, this required target stress is not taken into account for the determination of the symmetries. If it breaks the symmetries of the input unit cell, so that symrel disagrees with strtarget, the result will be unreliable. Also, presently, the thermodynamical potential to be used in this situation (the free energy) does not replace the total energy, so that, for exemple, ionmov=3 cannot be used, since this algorithm is taking into account the total energy.
The components of the stress tensor must be stored
according to :
(1,1)->1 ; (2,2)->2 ; (3,3)->3 ; (2,3)->4 ; (3,1)->5 ;
(1,2)->6.
The conversion factor
between Ha/Bohr**3 and GPa is : 1 Ha/Bohr**3 = 29421.033d0 GPa.
Not used if optcell==0.
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This are the masses of the chains of nnos thermostats to be used when ionmov=13 (Molecular Dynamics) or imgmov=13 (Path Integral Molecular Dynamics).
If ionmov=13 (Molecular Dynamics),
this temperature control can be used with optcell=0, 1 (homogeneous cell
deformation) or 2 (full cell deformation).
If imgmov=13 (Path Integral Molecular Dynamics),
this temperature control can be used with optcell=0 (NVT ensemble) or 2 (fully flexible NPT ensemble).
In that case, optcell=2 iS NOT USABLE yet.
Sets a maximal absolute force tolerance
(in hartree/Bohr) below which
BFGS structural relaxation iterations will stop.
Can also control tolerance on stresses, when optcell/=0,
using the conversion factor strfact.
This tolerance applies to any particular cartesian
component of any atom, excluding fixed ones.
See the parameter ionmov.
This is to be used when trying to equilibrate a
structure to its lowest energy configuration (ionmov=2).
A value of about 5.0d-5 hartree/Bohr or smaller
is suggested (this corresponds to about 2.5d-3 eV/Angstrom).
No meaning for RF calculations.
Sets a maximal absolute energy tolerance (in hartree, averaged over dynamic images)
below which iterations on images (the one governed by the ntimimage input variable) will stop.
This is to be used when trying to optimize a
population of structures to their lowest energy configuration,
taking into account the particular algorithm defined by imgmov
A value of about 5.0d-5 hartree or smaller
is suggested (this corresponds to about 3.7d-7 eV).
No meaning for RF calculations.
Gives the starting velocities
of atoms, in cartesian coordinates, in Bohr/atomic time
units (atomic time units given where dtion
is described).
Irrelevant unless ionmov > 0.
For ionmov=8 (Nose thermostat),
if vel is not initialized, a random initial
velocity giving the right kinetic energy will be generated.
If the geometry builder is used, vel will be related
to the preprocessed set of atoms, generated by the
geometry builder. The user must thus foresee the effect
of this geometry builder (see objarf).
Velocities evolve is ionmov==1.
Irrelevant unless imgmov=9 or 13
and optcell>0 (Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics
with NPT algorithm).
Gives the starting velocities of the dimensional cell parameters in Bohr/atomic time
units (atomic time units given where dtion
is described).
Gives the viscosity (atomic units) for linear frictional damping term applied to molecular dynamics when ionmov=1. Used for eventual relaxation of structure (however, ionmov=2 is in general more efficient).
The equation of motion is :
MI d2RI/dt2= FI
- vis dRI/dt
The atomic unit of viscosity is hartrees*(atomic time units)/Bohr2.
Units are not
critical as this is a fictitious damping used to relax
structures. A typical value for silicon is 400 with
dtion of 350 and atomic mass 28 amu. Critical
damping is most desirable and is found only by
optimizing vis for a given situation.
In the case of Path-Integral Molecular Dynamics using the Langevin Thermostat (imgmov=9), vis defines the friction coefficient, in atomic units. Typical value range is 0.00001-0.001.
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| Complete list of input variables
Control the inner coordinates, which can be generated randomly by using 4 different methods depending
ont its value
(0) if zero, no random generation and xred are taken as they have been introduced by the user
(1) if one, particles are generated completly random within the unit cell.
(2) if two, particles are generated randomly but the inner particle distace is always larger than a factor of the
sum of the covalent bonds between the atoms (note : this is incompatible with the definition of alchemical mixing, in which
ntypat differs from npsp)
Gives the weights determining how the motion of atoms
is constrained
during structural optimization or molecular dynamics (see nconeq, natcon,
and iatcon). For each of the nconeq independent constraint equations,
wtatcon is a 3*natcon array giving
weights, WI,
for the x, y, and z components of each of the atoms (labeled by I) in
the list of indices iatcon.
Prior to taking an atomic step, the calculated forces, FI,
are
replaced by projected forces, F'I, which satisfy the set of
constraint equations
Summu=x,y,z; I=1,natcon: Wmu,I * F'mu,I
= 0 for each of the nconeq arrays WI.
Different types of motion constraints can be implemented this way. For
example,
nconeq 1 natcon 2 iatcon 1 2 wtatcon 0 0 +1 0 0 -1
could be used to constrain the relative height difference of two
adsorbate atoms on a surface (assuming their
masses are equal), since F'z,1 - F'z,2 = 0
implies z1 - z2 = constant.